Why would anyone wanna be a woman/bottom. It's degrading af. Have some self respect plz

Why would anyone wanna be a woman/bottom
It's degrading af
Have some self respect plz

  1. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    I don't want to be a bottom.
    I want to be a woman.
    I don't find the idea of being a woman degrading or humiliating.
    It is seen as such because our society is misogynistic, but it certainly isn't in essence.
    In fact, I find the idea of being forced to live as a man very humiliating.
    I want to be a woman, have a female body, not to be a submissive piece of meat.

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      Women are natural bottoms lol

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        "Women" in general do not exist.
        Not all women are bottom, not all men are top.
        Furthermore, you can be a bottom and chose not to act on it because you find it shameful and morally wrong.

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Most women are bottoms to safely generalize them as bottoms.

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            No, because generalization of a whole group is stupid, and enough aren't bottoms to be significant.
            Also bottom is fundamentally a male homosexual term and doesn't really apply to female sexuality anyway.
            And, AGAIN, being a bottom doesn't mean you act on it.
            I want to be a dignified woman regardless of whatever sexuality I have.
            Your whole attempt at slandering women is pathetic.

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          No, because generalization of a whole group is stupid, and enough aren't bottoms to be significant.
          Also bottom is fundamentally a male homosexual term and doesn't really apply to female sexuality anyway.
          And, AGAIN, being a bottom doesn't mean you act on it.
          I want to be a dignified woman regardless of whatever sexuality I have.
          Your whole attempt at slandering women is pathetic.

          i'm sorry anon but, the truth is...
          women don't have penises
          so they can't be top
          so almost every woman is a bottom
          it's just how it is
          and no pegging doesn't count, it's just a fetish, and not a sexuality

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            >women don't have penises
            Some do. I have one.
            >so they can't be top
            Because you have an early-paleolithic-tier understanding of human sexuality.
            I bet you only consider PIV sex to be sex, too.
            >so almost every woman is a bottom
            That's imposing male gay sexual dynamics to heterosexual ones.
            >and no pegging doesn't count, it's just a fetish, and not a sexuality
            It's a sexual practice, like PIV sex or any other kind of sex. You are very low IQ.

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              >Some do. I have one.
              yeah, but...
              >Because you have an early-paleolithic-tier understanding of human sexuality.
              >I bet you only consider PIV sex to be sex, too.
              i'm just saying, you can't really be a top as a vagina haver, and if you have a penis, well, what even a question then even
              >That's imposing male gay sexual dynamics to heterosexual ones.
              but that's just how it is though, men have penises and women don't, men give a penis and women recieve it, such is nature and all that
              >b-but i'm trans
              sure, everyone here is these days i guess, but still, if you ask why women are bottom, here is an answer

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >i'm just saying, you can't really be a top as a vagina haver, and if you have a penis, well, what even a question then even
                Because for you sex is le penis in le vagina, and topping is being the one putting le penis.
                You don't take power dynamics into account, which is all that matters.
                Why?
                Because the top/bottom dichotomy is only relevant for gays (two penises).
                >men have penises and women don't, men give a penis and women recieve it, such is nature and all that
                This is like calling a straight woman eromenos, or Uke, or whatever. It's ridiculous.
                Also some women don't have sex with men.
                >sure, everyone here is these days i guess, but still, if you ask why women are bottom, here is an answer
                No, that's not an answer, your "answer" is completely stupid and retarded.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                > topping is being the one putting le penis.
                it kinda is though, and i never said anything about le vagina
                >Because the top/bottom dichotomy is only relevant for gays
                but the man is the one giving the dick, aka topping and woman is the one receiving the dick, i don't see any dichtomy
                >Also some women don't have sex with men.
                good for them, but generally it's not really topping and bottoming then, at least not in the classical sense

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >it kinda is though, and i never said anything about le vagina
                This degree of penis obsession could only come from the most coombrained of homosexuals.
                Putting le penis changes nothing, what matters is who leads, who dominates.
                I could never understand male obsession with penetration.
                >but the man is the one giving the dick, aka topping and woman is the one receiving the dick, i don't see any dichtomy
                This is literally a gay male dichotomy. LMAO.
                It doesn't apply to heterosexual, let alone homosexual women.
                Ergo, conflating femaleness and "bottoming" is beyond stupid.
                >good for them, but generally it's not really topping and bottoming then, at least not in the classical sense
                Anything that includes women has no topping and bottoming because that's a gay thing.
                You are slow in the head, my little friend.

                How is it degrading? Just sounds like misogyny tbh

                It literally is.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                what is "topping" and "bottoming" then if not giving and receiving penis? or at least in "penetration" terms? or what does it even means for you?

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Topping and Bottoming can mean 2 things:
                in a gay context, it is giving and receiving penetration.
                In a non-gay context, very colloquially, it can be employed to designate domination vs submission.
                Why exactly is being a woman shameful to you?
                Are you like the Romans with their penetration obsession?
                Come on.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                who are you responding to lol
                >Why exactly is being a woman shameful to you?
                i'm personally saying the opposite of this, being a bottom is just that, being a bottom, there is nothing bad about that
                if anything i 'm saying that being a top/bottom and sub/dom are different things, not that being a sub is bad though, but still
                topping and bottoming is about like giving and receiving, in a sexual context, while sub and dom are about other things, in a bdsm context

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                You aren't OP?
                >if anything i 'm saying that being a top/bottom and sub/dom are different things, not that being a sub is bad though, but still
                I agree.
                >topping and bottoming is about like giving and receiving, in a sexual context, while sub and dom are about other things, in a bdsm context
                Topping and Bottoming is IMO irrelevant in a non-gay context.

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              The lower the IQ the more naturally feminine you are

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Yeah, which is why very low IQ people are overwhelmingly male? lol
                Unhinged misogyny is so funny.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Stereotypes are usually true it's much easier to believe you're a woman and pass well if you're not so smart about it and so inquiring. It's nice to be dumb and simple minded

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                It's always the smart ones that think they're not biologically women. Us, 'run the mill' hsts never questioned those things

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >Stereotypes are usually true
                In which backward shithole do you live???
                My country has no such stereotype.
                No one thinks "stupid" when they hear "woman", beyond maybe extremely ancient boomers.
                There are many negative stereotypes around women, and they can be taken less seriously, but not because they are considered dumber.
                >it's much easier to believe you're a woman and pass well if you're not so smart about it and so inquiring
                This is untrue, and again, I am not trying to be "a woman", I am not trying to be an abstract image of a general, stereotyped, performative woman, I want to be me, as a woman.
                >It's nice to be dumb and simple minded
                No, it's not.
                It's nice to be intelligent and understand the world.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                It's much easier to be a woman if you believe that you're a genetic woman because you have a vagina than it is to believe you're not a biological woman because you don't have some kind of gametes?

                >ywnbarw
                Because you don't think you can be

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >It's much easier to be a woman if you believe that you're a genetic woman because you have a vagina than it is to believe you're not a biological woman because you don't have some kind of gametes?
                Uh? What?
                Both are low/ middling IQ visions of what a woman is.
                >Because you don't think you can be
                That's a very long, and in the end, pointless discussion, and depends on one's own definition of what a woman is. Eminently personal and subjective.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                It's much easier if you just believe you're a woman and you don't think about it. You ain't going to think about everything because you're so smart and that's what makes you like a boy

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                > It's nice to be dumb and simple minded
                yeah, it's nice if you are privileged and genetically good looking
                and those "i'm a senior developer at 21y old"
                us dumb ugly fucks are made to suffer

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                I'm a cute girl and I'm as dumb as a post but guys still like me and never think of my intelligence is being less persuasive

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            yes they do want to see mine?

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            what about cis lesbians? do you think they just don’t have sex because there’s not a penis in the relationship?

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              they do, but can you really consider it in top/bottom terms? i'm not sure
              unless one of them has a penis of course, but that's another story

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      This, it's a mindset problem, there is nothing degrading about being a woman at all. I find it empowering honestly.

  2. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    they or nature gives us hormones and/or brain structure that make us blind to how degrading it is

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      Most non-MEFs transitioners do not see transitioning as shameful or degrading.

  3. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    if nobody wanted to be the bottom how would tops survive?

  4. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    To me being a man (and all my male characteristics) felt degrading

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      EXACTLY.
      Glad someone gets it.
      I feel disgusting and degraded and humiliated being a man.
      It really saddens me to see how many mtfs here fall for the misogynistic meme.

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        yeah nothing can compare with the humiliation and self-disgust of going outside and being perceived as male. At least my disgust with my own body made me develop a good personality because I always felt like I had something to make up for.

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Absolutely agreed.

  5. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    How is it degrading? Just sounds like misogyny tbh

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      >How is it degrading?
      Fundamentally being female means being overpowered and defeated.
      Dogs hump each other non-sexually to communicate
      >I have put you in the female position and therefore have power over you.
      Submission is an abstraction of female biology.

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        >Fundamentally being female means being overpowered and defeated.
        It doesn't. You are just a misogynist.
        >Dogs hump each other non-sexually to communicate
        And female preying mantises eat their male mates.
        Animal metaphors can go both way.
        >Submission is an abstraction of female biology.
        Now I wonder whether you are a deranged chasoid, or an FTM incel.

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Are humans more closely related to dogs, or to praying mantises?
          Female mantises are larger and stronger. Male dogs and male humans are larger and stronger and both are mammals where the female is saddled with the burden of a long pregnancy.
          Also male mantises have no Y chromosome (X0 sex determination system). With mantises you are either XX (female) or X ("male").

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            >Are humans more closely related to dogs, or to praying mantises?
            This is irrelevant. We aren't dogs.
            Therefore using them as an example is completely stupid.
            >Male dogs and male humans are larger and stronger and both are mammals where the female is saddled with the burden of a long pregnancy
            Dogs are shackled to their own instincts, while humans, through their intelligence, can separate themselves from them to a great extent.
            Intelligence is the great equalizer.
            I am a tranny, and yet I could drop Mike Tyson in his prime with my gun.
            Your naturalistic fallacy is ridiculous and grotesque.
            What makes many women submissive isn't their body and physical strength, it's a lack of will to power, and the evil of submissive sexuality.
            But many women have will to power, and do not have a submissive sexuality.

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              >many women have will to power, and do not have a submissive sexuality

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >BDSM participants
                lol

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                What do you think "BDSM" stands for? By definition the question of how many women are sexually submissive is a BDSM question.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                No, this is about BDSM participants (a very specific and degenerate sub-culture), not women and men in general, lmao.
                If by domination you mean BDSM, then it's just irrelevant, because BDSM adepts aren't statistically significant.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                It's not just some obscure subculture in modern times. The book sales for 50 Shades of Grey disproves that claim.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Women who read 50 shades aren't part of the BDSM subculture through.
                At most they'll ask their bfs or husband to do light bondage.
                I never said the majority of women didn't have a submissive sexuality, they do.
                And as I said, that's the main explanation for their submissiveness, not their biological strength.
                You could argue that the later caused the former, but regardless, the later is irrelevant in modern times.
                However, again, plenty of women do not have a submissive, or dominant sexuality.
                And finally, as I said very early in the thread, having a submissive sexuality doesn't mean you will act on it.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                cope, bdsm itself may be somewhat obscure, but it's pretty random who is into bdsm, therefore it's a good cross section of the general population. also 96% is extremely high, even if you want to say "bUT oNlY dEgenERatEs" you're coping extremely hard

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        >Fundamentally being female means being overpowered and defeated.
        In humans It means you're vulnerable sure, but you can't be "defeated" if it's not even a fight in the first place. You're just a misogynist. As a man, you feel femininity and physical weakness is humiliating, but you just feel like that because of your male ego. Yes it would be humiliating for you, doesn't mean it is for us. Stop being so insecure, you sound like an incel 😡

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Yes I had severe emasculation trauma that was severely humiliating for me and it destroyed me on the inside. It made me develop MEF. But yea, I realized I only have emasculation trauma because my male ego hated feeling weak, powerless, dominated, submissive. I realized that the only way to have emasculation trauma is to be misogynistic, because you have to believe that being feminized is somehow humiliating or traumatic.

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            Wait you're a tranny not a guy??

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              I am, however my comment was not from the anon the person I was responding to was responding to.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Ohh ok

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            You think like an average man. Most males think the same way

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              Yes, I'm basically a man. But I am a defeated male, I'm an omega male at the bottom, a humiliated male imprinted with MEF. All men will be repulsed and disgusted at me, none of them will see me as a man because of my man-card has been permanently revoked. And I only care about this because my misogyny thinks emasculation is traumatic. Women will be repulsed and disgusted at me for my self-induced misogynistic trauma. Biologically superior males and females, will dismantle me, tear me down, defeat me, and I will always lose. I will be a social reject for the rest of my life, alone forever. God himself deems me to be worthless.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                You wrote this with one hand, didn't you?
                Regardless, get over your misogyny and troon.
                I also had an aversion for femininity (but not womanhood at all), and it cleared away as I transitioned.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                You just saw another one that wasn't naturally feminine because she don't have any hsts, you're all AGP

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Ok, so? lol
                I already told you I was fine not being a droolingy retarded "hsts trutrans" like you, lmao.
                For someone with such a "fembrain" you are very insistent and confrontational.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                Because I'm a little bitch in a big cunt and I know it. I've always been a real cunt because I'm extremely extroverted. I was never in a class where I didn't announce to the whole class that I was really a girl. I never do anybody in school that didn't know I wanted to be a girl. Most of the boys laughed at me but the girls laughed even more. I didn't care because I wanted to be a girl and I didn't want to act like a boy

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                I respect the grind, sis.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >You wrote this with one hand, didn't you?

                MEF, what do you expect.

                >and therefore is nothing shameful.
                i agree, im just talking about benis in the vagen type of top and bottom, which is what it is i guess
                or not vagen, but something close
                [...]
                jokes aside, it's kinda sad, hope you are not trooning out just because of some fucked up trauma or anything
                i get it myself, but it's still sad though

                >just because of some fucked up trauma or anything

                The only reason why it's "traumatizing" is because of misogyny. Women don't find situations that make them feel feminine traumatizing, it's only misogyny from an insecure male ego that would cause such experiences to feel traumatic. I only have myself to blame for such "trauma". Nothing wrong with being a beta male who is helplessly submissive, to more dominant, biologically superior males. It's only a fragile masculine ego, that tries to resist and work against it's nature in this manner.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                >Nothing wrong with being a beta male who is helplessly submissive, to more dominant, biologically superior males. It's only a fragile masculine ego, that tries to resist and work against it's nature in this manner.

                Groomer hands typed this.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                I don't have any of that..I just saw myself as a female. When I was a child, I told everybody I'm really a girl. Even if they said I wasn't a girl, I just kept saying I was a girl. Every new teacher I had in school, I would tell her that I'm really a girl and that my parents are just punishing me by making me present as a boy. I'm just an ordinary girl. I live like an ordinary woman now, nothing special, nothing good or bad

  6. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    dick in hole feel gud

  7. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    Because then I get to be the stay at home tradwife instead of WOMEN who don't want it anymore

  8. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    BECAUSE ITS EASY and masculine men are hot
    (W PART≈)

  9. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    Honestly sounds like you've got some insecurities to work through

  10. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    Why so? You know how much control I have over dicks by being subby?

  11. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    is it really so hard to get why people with penis (mostly men) are usually top, while people with a vagina are usually bottom (mostly women)?

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      If you are only referring to the sex position, then it has little to nothing to do with power dynamics, and therefore is nothing shameful.

      It's much easier if you just believe you're a woman and you don't think about it. You ain't going to think about everything because you're so smart and that's what makes you like a boy

      True, I guess, but I am fine thinking about it, it's interesting.
      >You ain't going to think about everything because you're so smart and that's what makes you like a boy
      You are becoming hard to understand, grammatically.
      As I said, I do not consider intelligence to be a gendered trait so implying my intellect, low or high, makes me a man or a woman, is laughable.

      cope, bdsm itself may be somewhat obscure, but it's pretty random who is into bdsm, therefore it's a good cross section of the general population. also 96% is extremely high, even if you want to say "bUT oNlY dEgenERatEs" you're coping extremely hard

      It's also pretty random who is into anything, retard.
      However, being into BDSM in the first place isn't insignificant.
      That's like saying "most soccer fans like sport jerseys, so that means most people like sport jerseys, because being a soccer fan is mostly random".
      >you're coping extremely hard
      lol, if you are forced to say this, let alone twice, you already know you've lost.

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        >anything
        It's easier to be transsexual if you are not that intelligent because it's easier to accept yourself as being a female. It's easier to go by values than go by thinking

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Being intelligent doesn't mean you have no values.
          And regardless, I wouldn't trade easier acceptance or belief in my own womanhood for the ability to reason and understand the world and concepts around me.

          • 2 weeks ago
            Anonymous

            That's your problem right there so stop complaining about yourself. You value being intelligent more than you value being feminine

            • 2 weeks ago
              Anonymous

              >You value being intelligent more than you value being feminine
              Yes.
              Because femininity isn't inherent to being a woman.
              There are feminine men and masculine women.

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                LOL not in the real world they aren't. Only in your adolescent fantasy

              • 2 weeks ago
                Anonymous

                You lack lived experience.

      • 2 weeks ago
        Anonymous

        >and therefore is nothing shameful.
        i agree, im just talking about benis in the vagen type of top and bottom, which is what it is i guess
        or not vagen, but something close

        Yes, I'm basically a man. But I am a defeated male, I'm an omega male at the bottom, a humiliated male imprinted with MEF. All men will be repulsed and disgusted at me, none of them will see me as a man because of my man-card has been permanently revoked. And I only care about this because my misogyny thinks emasculation is traumatic. Women will be repulsed and disgusted at me for my self-induced misogynistic trauma. Biologically superior males and females, will dismantle me, tear me down, defeat me, and I will always lose. I will be a social reject for the rest of my life, alone forever. God himself deems me to be worthless.

        jokes aside, it's kinda sad, hope you are not trooning out just because of some fucked up trauma or anything
        i get it myself, but it's still sad though

  12. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    I mean being a bottom just comes naturally to me. I don't see how it's degrading, it's just how I work I guess? It's about as degrading as having to breath. It would be disrespectful to myself to deny my nature

  13. 2 weeks ago
    Selena

    I love bring a bottom though. I don't think I could go back to being a top even if I wanted. Which I don't, it wasn't that great.

  14. 2 weeks ago
    lady legs

    no as a tranny and a bottom i totally get what you mean
    i don't know why i'm like this but my brain is just wired wrong
    i repressed the gender shit for years and that didn't work and now bottombrain is a whole new struggle to put up with
    it's like i have the self respect but my brain/body doesn't seem to care and it's frustrating and i feel like it makes me misogynistic and i don't wanna be
    why am i like this?

    • 2 weeks ago
      Anonymous

      You're impressed it because you're basically acknowledging you're a male. I never did that I was always saying I'm a girl ever since I remember

      • 2 weeks ago
        lady legs

        yeah i do have a lot of difficulty acknowledging myself as a woman
        but woman or not i still feel embarrassed by my nature as a bottom idk. maybe it’s just brainworms

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          You're biologically inferior and you always will be that way forever and you will forever be worthless because of it. That's just how it is for people like us.

          • 2 weeks ago
            lady legs

            yeah it really do be like that

        • 2 weeks ago
          Anonymous

          Probably brainworms tbdesu. I don't really see how it's any worse than being a top? It's just another way of experiencing your sexuality, and of expressing intimacy. But I get that repressing gender and probably sexuality can lead to some aversion, after all you've probably treated them as some sort of enemy for years. I think if you work through that and learn to accept those sides of yourselves, that the shame will leave. Might be easier said than done, but even then you should remember that you're not less than guys, just different, and that's okay. Nobody's the same after all

          • 2 weeks ago
            lady legs

            >But I get that repressing gender and probably sexuality can lead to some aversion, after all you've probably treated them as some sort of enemy for years.
            yeah definitely this, i’m still trying to push past the barriers my younger self put up :/
            it takes time but here’s hoping
            >I think if you work through that and learn to accept those sides of yourselves, that the shame will leave.
            yeah i’ll do my best, and thanks anon i really appreciate what you had to say 😀

  15. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    First of all, being female does not necessarily mean you are submissive. It is culturally imposed and we find examples in the animal kingdom that reinforce that. Most mammals yes, you have a point but we have transcended the need to be enslaved to biology or instinct.

    However, a lot of us, including myself actively choose to be submissive. But degrading? Why do you think being submissive is degrading?

    We all must submit at times, it’s part of humbling yourself. Don’t do it in the right company or with the right rival and you just might end up in a very bad situation or even dead.

    Submission is also a piece of language we use to interact with others in a healthy way. We all do it for each other to some extent, it’s a dance of of reciprocity.

    And finally, submission is simply one of the most beautiful experiences and ways of being. This I can’t explain. It just is. The only way to get a sense as a dominant person is do it yourself (difficult, as you have many mental and spiritual barriers to fully submitting to someone/a situation) or just admire the beauty and peace that radiates from submissive people in your life.

    Dominance and submission are both beautiful and needed, life’s balance, yin yang blah blah etc

  16. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    I love my role as a biologically inferior person. I like drawing in biologically superior humans, to dismantle, and destroy me as an inferior. Superior people need a punching bag, so they can all have somebody they can look down to. Incels, chris chan, etc, etc, serve this function, to be lolcows for biologically superior Humans. People need their punching bag so that instead of fighting each other, they can unify against a common enemy, it's nice to have subhumans lolcows like myself that can fulfill this role. It's nice to be the type of person where somebody can look at you and decide, no matter how low I go, at least I'm not that thing. I love being a lolcow for superior humans, I love being MEF.

  17. 2 weeks ago
    Anonymous

    >It's degrading af
    Yes, this is exactly why I do it., I'm a bottom and I have degradation/humiliation kinks.

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