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What was the actual extent of the damage they wrought? China got assraped, but also saw a fairly prosperous dynasty founded by the Mongols, while the Middle East just got assraped period, but did any other place meet a fate somewhere in between? Who was left reeling and who came out of it pretty well all things considered?
>China got assraped, but also saw a fairly prosperous dynasty founded by the Mongols, while the Middle East just got assraped period, but did any other place meet a fate somewhere in between?
Central Asia got absolutely fucked, literally btw, and ever since were definitely not white anymore. The Yuan was a severe downgrade from the Song or even Jin. Arguably the Russians profited from the trauma with all the prophylactic landmass.
>Who was left reeling and who came out of it pretty well all things considered?
Everyone besides Indians and Europeans. And the latter got off well because the competition got buttfucked and they found out about gunpowder and much else that diffused from the East through universal trade.
I may be wrong but did, or did the Mongols not get stopped by the Polacks or Ukranians or something like that?
They were stopped by Germans in Poland.
Yes, those medieval Ukrainians. lmao
An interesting and often forgotten fact is that their descendants conquered and plundered almost the entire Indian subcontinent
>but also saw a fairly prosperous dynasty founded by the Mongols
Was it prosperous? The yuan seemed to be pretty crummy. The Ming that rose as a direct reaction to the mongols was a conservative golden age though.
I mean the Yuan could send large invasion force to Japan. Also we have Marco Polo amazement when he visited Kubilai Khan
Yuan dogshit. Economically unstable. Average reign of rulers extrmely low. Most invasions (japan , java, etc) failures
Yeah Yuan seemed like a downgrade from the Song but it’s still better than what pretty much everyone else got I guess lol
It was a garbage 90 year unstable dynasty like most mongol khanates. Mongols were good for nobody
Ok Chang. They brought gunpowder to Europe and started a golden age of trade that ended with the Black Death, so they were good for keeping human population low. The Mongols are to be preserved just in case we need to depopulate Asia again.
Persia before the Mongols and Persia after the Mongols
Yeah the Mongols were brutal as fuck. Khorasan used to dwarf other iranian regions in terms of wealth, culture, and population but the Mongols sent it to terminal decline. If it wasn't for Mashhad a shi'ite pilgrimage city Khorasan would be a ghost town
Iran and Iraq got destroyed, this is including Timur, an underrated reason for the Middle East falling behind Europe when they were either on par or ahead of them
This isn't even mentioning the Theological effects it had with figures like Ibn Taymiyyah and his pupils
>Mongolian After Effects
That sounds like the name of a really sleazy and nasty smelling cologne.
>China got assraped, but also saw a fairly prosperous dynasty founded by the Mongols
The Mongols versus the Song made the Song more strong and prosperous internally and the Mongols ruined all the work the Song did at making a middle class of taxable merchants which allowed them to continue to rack up higher tax income for the state. Although this only happened because of the Mongols.
In Central Europe, they first thrashed the Poles and Hungarians but they quickly freaked out and got as many Western Europeans as they could to improve their defences for major locations and help improve army organisation. The Mongols were never able to succesfully siege a Western European style fortress. Some like Kraków had to be taken through treachery because the Mongols were unable to breach the new stone fortifications of the city. In Western Hungary the stone castles were all left standing in the wake of Mongolian attacks as they were unable to siege them. It's very much like with the Crusader States and Saladin. The great castles of the Crusaders lasted longer than the Kingdom of Jerusalem did because of how hard they were to siege even though the Kingdom they served had functionally ceased to exist.
Europe faired alright considering their enemy. But don’t forget that we are talking about a Mongol scouting force. If Ögedei didn’t drink himself to death, a united Mongol army would have steamrolled Europe
>But don’t forget that we are talking about a Mongol scouting force
The Later Mongol invasions where no way in hell a 'scouting force' the Golden Horde sent full on invasions of Central Europe and failed to achieve anything. Even the earliest Mongol forces were unable to take a single Western style fortification in their time in Hungary.
The Mongols got good really fast at siegecraft and alpine warfare. One of their other strengths was their massive depopulation policy. If the Great Khan had set his mind to it, a united Mongol force would definitely wreak havoc and occupy Europe as long as pasture was available. A few stone keeps wouldn't do much against that.
They didn't do it because they didn't really need to and soon enough they had enough infighting that made a large operation virtually impossible. That is not to take anything away from the European defence capabilities. Certainly the Mongols would have faced serious problems trying to penetrate into Germany or North Italy, but they did not just use brute force in their campaigns. Against a united Italo-German-French army of comparable size they would have not fared well but how likely was such an alliance to happen? The only one who was capable of leading it was Frederick, and he had enemies everywhere among the noboility and clergy. The Mongols were quick to exploit such divisions as they proved time and again.
On the other hand , they could be very lenient to towns that opened their gates. What would the Senate at Venice have voted after a hypothetical siege and destruction of Alessandria, but the sparing of Milan? (hypothetical)
Would they have chosen the path of heroic resistance and watch the Terraferma crumble before their eyes? Would the nobility and merchants be ok with isolation and poverty? What if the Genoese siezed the opportunity and struck an alliance with the Khan?
The largest pasture was in Hungary, and was far smaller than the Eurasian steppe. Past there, there wasn’t and major grasslands for a cavalry heavy army to graze. To even get to France they would have to go without a major grassland for well over 1000km. You say that ‘some stones’ wouldn’t stop them, when they clearly did. The determined assaults of the Mongols all failed against the few stone fortifications in Central Europe. It wasn’t some hypothetical, they quite literally where incapable of taking European stone fortifications by siege.
Neither were European powers going to work with the Mongols over other Christian powers, the Lombard league existed, much of the powers in the HRE wanted to see it continue to exist. Neither did they have a real reason to fear that the Mongols could take down the far larger fortifications in the West when they were incapable of destroying the smaller Central European ones.
>Middle East
Hello Amerimutt
Where can I read about how the mongols killed entire cities? Like what were the logistics of killing hundreds of thousands methodically. I read somewhere each man would have a quota.
They would actually just have big Ghrenghu do it with a kitchen knife. He’d line up the citizens and slit their throats one by one.
So you keep the captured people in order with the rest of your troops? I guess you’re going to die either way, probably better to just have your throat slit. Slit throat and push them into a trench I guess.